humanistic theory

Meaning: Humanistic theory holds that people are basically good and motivated toward growth, and that behavior reflects conscious choice and subjective experience rather than unconscious conflict or learned responses. Maslow's hierarchy of needs runs from physiological and safety needs through love/belonging and esteem to self-actualization, the realization of one's potential. Rogers described a real self and an ideal self: congruence supports well-being, while incongruence produces anxiety. Unconditional positive regard, acceptance of a person's worth without conditions, fosters growth.

On the MCAT: Questions ask you to classify a scenario as humanistic rather than psychoanalytic, behaviorist, trait, or social cognitive. A client-centered therapist who listens empathetically without judging is the classic example. For Maslow, predict which need is addressed first; lower needs generally take priority, though people sometimes pursue higher goals while lower needs are unmet.

Common confusion: Self-actualization is an ongoing process, not a final state reached once. Unconditional positive regard does not mean approving every behavior; it means accepting the person's worth. Humanistic theory is also not a trait theory: it describes growth and the self, not fixed lists of traits.